GUIDE TO FIND DIAMONDS

LEARN ABOUT DIAMONDS

What are Diamonds?


Both mines graphite pencils, like diamonds from the same element, carbon. Diamonds
natural form in the bowels of the earth. The diamond is exposed to such high temperatures and pressures their
molecules are compacted to modify their chemical structure crystal. The diamond is the hardest natural substance
exists, is 55% denser than graphite.


How does the cutting and polishing of Diamonds?


A rough diamond to the naked eye could pass for an ordinary piece of opaque glass. Therefore, to enhance its brightness should
carved and polished with great accuracy. This requires great skill and patience, because the diamond is the substance
harder than can be found in nature. The first step is to divide a large room on the plans
its crystal structure.

 This is the most risky. The dealer first thing to do is mark the diamond along the grain.
Fixed the stone cutter in a bar and makes a guide for cutting along the mark with a piece of diamond. It should
calculate the correct address of the court. First ink mark the cutting path. Then using a small diamond
to make a cutting guide over the ink mark. It is placed on a sheet of steel and there is a thud.
If you follow the proper procedure, the diamond was split in two, otherwise, there is a danger of turning it into smithereens. Then used a saw to finish cutting. To this end, the stone press and subjected to the action of a rotating disk as
thin as paper, made of phosphor bronze (alloy highly resistant). The disc rotates between 4,000 and 6,000 revolutions
per minute. Its blade is coated with a mixture of diamond powder and oil, which slows down the court. Carve a
one carat diamond (the fifth of a gram) takes between four and eight hours.
You should then be given a diamond, rubbing it with another at the desired angle. One of the diamond is rotated on a lathe,
while the other is held against him. The diamond dust is collected and then carefully cut and polished stone.
The final form of the gem depends on the original configuration of the stone. But due to the completion of certain necessary cuts

 lost much of the diamond. The final gem usually weighs less than half the raw stone uncut. The last step is to cut and polish the faces that give the diamond its brilliance. For this is rubbed with a rotating disk
iron, covered with diamond dust and oil. Turning to 2,500 rpm, the disc grinds and polishes each side.
Finally the diamond is immersed in sulfuric acid to remove all traces of grease and dirt,
process does not damage at all.


Who invented the brilliant cut Diamond?


At the end of the seventeenth century Italian jeweler invented Vincenti Peruzziot brilliant cut, which is still used for most

 of diamonds. Later, in 1919 Marcel Tolkowsky, in his thesis in mathematics, considered all the variables

 possible, made a series of calculations and concluded that to optimize their optical effects the height of the diamond
should be 59% of its diameter (of which 43% of the height corresponds to the stock and 16% of the crown). A bright

 have a rounded shape with 33 faces in the top and 25 bottom.

 The angles are calculated so that the light penetrates, is refracted out internally and over again. A bad cut
can spoil the effect. The high refractive index of diamond, ie the degree to which returns the light it receives,
anticipated that with the right size may reflect all light that enters it. The brightness is also due to
decomposition of light into the colors of the spectrum, which causes colored reflections. Because of its hardness, the faces of

 diamonds, never worn.


What and where is the world's largest diamond?


The largest and most famous diamond in the world is the Cullinan (its name comes from the president of the mining company
I got: Thomas Cullinan), belonged to Edward VII of England. The diamond was given in 1907 by the government
of the Transvaal province of South Africa, then British colony. Was obtained from a mine near Pretoria in South Africa
and originally weighed 680 grams (3,106 carats). It was worked by the Dutch Joseph Asscher, diamond cutter
Amsterdam. Its original size was about a woman's fist (10 x 6.4 x 12 cm.).

After 6 months of deliberations to decide whether to split or cut in two with a saw and after two weeks at his desk
work by a guide for cutting other diamonds, February 10, 1908, Asscher decided to split
and succeeded, although the second iintento with a steel blade. The "legend" says he passed out after doing so. The magnificent
Diamond was cut because, despite its absolute purity, had a black spot.

The largest of the pieces finally obtained is the Cullinan I or the First Star of Africa, pear-shaped
of 530.2 carats and 74 faces. Is in the British Royal Sceptre, the Cross. The Cullinan I is the largest diamond
world. The Cullinan II is oval, 317.4 carats and 66 faces. It's in the British Imperial Crown, under the ruby
the Black Prince. Both pieces belong to the famous Crown Jewels of England and kept in the Tower
London.


What are the characteristics and properties of Diamonds?


1) Composition: pure crystallized carbon. 2) Crystallization: Regular System (Cubic). 3) Hardness: 10 on the Mohs scale (maximum).
It is the hardest natural substance known. 4) Specific gravity: 3.52.
5) exfoliation: face as perfect octahedron (4 directions of cleavage).
6) It is not attacked by acids and is insoluble in them (even hot).
7) It has a great affinity for fat, which easily sticks, on the contrary does not get wet with water.
8) burns at high temperatures (800 º C at the surface) and melts at about 3700 ° C.
9) High elasticity value.
10) Outstanding resistance to pressure.
11) Very good heat conductor. Not hot.

What are the characteristics of diamond valuation?


The valuation of a diamond is based on four characteristics: cut or size, clarity, color and weight.
The choice of a diamond hade made in respect of the joint combination of the four characteristics of assessment
diamond. The weight is expressed in carats and does not refer to size. The color refers to the amount of yellow
shows the diamond. The less yellow, the greater its value. The most valuable are totally clear and clean.
The color scale G.I.A. adjusts the color of the D to Z alphabetically. D is absolutely clean and clear and slightly Z
yellowish. The diamonds are designed to refract all possible ambient light in the colors of the rainbow.

 Purity refers to the number of defects or impurities (called inclusions) that may have a diamond.
The scale of G.I.A. ranging from Fl (Flawles, without inclusions, extremely rare, there are about 400 a year in all

 the world) to I (imperfect inclusions can be seen with the naked eye). The size is probably the most
important. Must attend to two things: the shape of the size and whether it has done well. The most common size and more
side is the brilliant cut.
WEIGHT: A larger more expensive (1)
COLOR: colorless Increased level of better quality (2)
PURITY: We studied the internal defects, inclusions (3)
SIZE: It takes into account the shape and size as (4)
(1) Subject to the other features are the same (color, purity and size) (2) are an exception so-called fancy colors (3) In some cases external defects can also affect the degree of purity (4) The brilliant cut (round) is the most appreciated and valued. The other sizes is often called generic
fantasy carvings. The quality of the carving is determined by the proportions, symmetry and polish.


Internationally since 1907 the weight of all kinds of cut gems is expressed in carats, carat is therefore the
basic unit of measurement of weight and almost a fifth of a gram. Weight units 1 Carat = 0.200 grams 1 Carat contains 100 / 100 One gram = 5 carats 1 gram = ¼-carat = 0.25 ct 4 grams = 1 Karat The carat consists of 100 cents, also sometimes referred to as points. The price of a gem, or a batch of gems
unmounted always expressed carats. To find the total price of a stone or a lot, multiply the weight
for the price of a carat.

The weight is always expressed by giving the number of carats and hundredths: 1.24 ct, 8.23 ct, 10.02 ct, 0.28 ct, 0.87 ct.

 While for weights of less than one carat is common in commerce using the decimal point: 30 / 100, 65 points
2 / 100, etc ... The weight of a gem regulatory augmented its hundredth only to the immediate superior when

 thousandth is 9: 1.278 = 1.27 ct. 1.279 = 1.28. Weight is the only truly objective property involved in the quality grading of a gem. The larger is a gem higher price per carat, color naturally equal, purity, quality, size, etc ...
However, each gem has its specific variations depending on the rarity and commercial application.
SCALE PUREZASegún three internationally recognized bodies: - G.I.A., Gemological Institute of America. - CIBJO, Confederation Internationale de la Bijouterie, Joaillerie, Orfevrerie, des diamonds, perles et pierres précieuses. - Scan D.N., Scandinavian Diamond Nomenclature.